Updated April 2026

GHK-Cu Dosing Protocol

Q: What is the starting dose of GHK-Cu?

Common injectable starts at 1 mg daily, usually titrated to 1-2 mg/day based on tolerance and goals. Topical workflows generally use 1-3% applied once or twice daily.

Q: What is GHK-Cu's half-life?

GHK-Cu clears from your bloodstream in about 30–60 minutes. However, its effects last much longer — 48 to 96 hours — because it triggers gene-level and enzyme changes inside your cells that continue working even after the peptide itself is gone. Think of it as flipping switches that stay on.

Q: What results can be expected from GHK-Cu?

Commonly reported timelines are skin texture/hydration changes in 2-4 weeks and more visible skin-firmness/collagen-quality outcomes over 6-12 weeks, with hair workflows often needing multi-month consistency.

Q: How do you reconstitute GHK-Cu?

Add bacteriostatic water against the vial wall, roll gently, and avoid shaking. A common setup is 50 mg with 5 mL (10 mg/mL), where 1 mg equals 10 units on a U-100 syringe.

Q: Is GHK-Cu FDA-approved?

GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for injection. It is widely used in cosmetic products under the ingredient name Copper Tripeptide-1.

Q: What are the most common side effects of GHK-Cu?

Most reports are mild and transient, such as injection-site irritation, short headache, or light nausea. Topical irritation can occur in sensitive skin.

Q: How does GHK-Cu compare to BPC-157 and TB-500?

GHK-Cu is typically chosen for collagen quality and remodeling, BPC-157 for localized structural repair, and TB-500 for systemic migration/deep repair signaling. They are frequently combined.

Q: What vial sizes is GHK-Cu available in?

Most common lyophilized vial sizes are 10 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg.

Q: How much bacteriostatic water should be added to GHK-Cu?

A practical standard is 50 mg + 5 mL (10 mg/mL) for clean 1-2 mg dosing math. Higher concentrations can be used but require finer syringe precision.

Q: Can GHK-Cu be used topically instead of injected?

Yes. Topical GHK-Cu has strong human evidence for skin and hair applications. Injectable use is chosen when broader systemic pathway exposure is desired.

Written by Garret Grant

Founder & Lead Researcher · B.S. Civil Engineering, UCLA

Last updated: April 2026

Complete Dosing & Safety Guide for GHK-Cu, a Copper Peptide Used in Injectable and Topical Protocols, covering dosing ranges, reconstitution math, collagen-remodeling rationale, safety boundaries, and current evidence limitations.

Half-life

~30-60 min plasma; biologic effects persist 48-96 hours

Dose range

1-2 mg daily SubQ; 1-3% topical

Status

Not FDA-approved for injection

WADA

Not currently prohibited

Need to calculate reconstitution and dosing units? Use the peptide reconstitution calculator.

Quick Reference Dosing Card

Peptide Name

GHK-Cu

Use Case

Research users commonly explore GHK-Cu for skin/hair quality and tissue-remodeling support.

Aliases

Copper Peptide GHK-Cu; Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper; Copper Tripeptide-1; GHK-Copper

Category / Class

Tissue Repair / Collagen Remodeling / Anti-Aging Peptide

Half-Life

~30-60 minutes plasma (rapid clearance); cellular effects can persist 48-96 hours

Dosing Frequency

Once daily (SubQ) or twice daily topical; cycle injectable use

Dose Range

1-2 mg daily SubQ; 1-3% topical

Titration Schedule

SubQ: 1 mg/day -> 1-2 mg/day; topical workflows typically start at 1-3% once or twice daily

Common Vial Sizes

10mg, 50mg, 100mg

Route of Administration

Subcutaneous, topical, and microneedling-adjacent topical workflows

Regulatory Status

Not FDA-approved for injection. Widely used in cosmetics as Copper Tripeptide-1.

Key Stat

Connectivity Map analysis reported modulation of over 4,000 genes; a 2024 topical trial reported average collagen-density improvement over 3 months.

Peptide Name	GHK-Cu
Use Case	Research users commonly explore GHK-Cu for skin/hair quality and tissue-remodeling support.
Aliases	Copper Peptide GHK-Cu; Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper; Copper Tripeptide-1; GHK-Copper
Category / Class	Tissue Repair / Collagen Remodeling / Anti-Aging Peptide
Half-Life	~30-60 minutes plasma (rapid clearance); cellular effects can persist 48-96 hours
Dosing Frequency	Once daily (SubQ) or twice daily topical; cycle injectable use
Dose Range	1-2 mg daily SubQ; 1-3% topical
Titration Schedule	SubQ: 1 mg/day -> 1-2 mg/day; topical workflows typically start at 1-3% once or twice daily
Common Vial Sizes	10mg, 50mg, 100mg
Route of Administration	Subcutaneous, topical, and microneedling-adjacent topical workflows
Regulatory Status	Not FDA-approved for injection. Widely used in cosmetics as Copper Tripeptide-1.
Key Stat	Connectivity Map analysis reported modulation of over 4,000 genes; a 2024 topical trial reported average collagen-density improvement over 3 months.

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What Is GHK-Cu?

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma in 1973 and is among the most studied regenerative peptides in dermatology and wound-repair literature.

Its compact structure allows high-affinity copper transport into cells, where copper-dependent enzymes linked to collagen organization, antioxidant defense, and tissue remodeling are activated.

What makes GHK-Cu unusual among peptides is the breadth of its effects. Rather than targeting a single pathway, research data shows it turns on genes involved in repair and tissue quality while turning down genes linked to inflammation and scarring — affecting over 4,000 genes in total according to gene-expression studies.

GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for injectable use. This page is an educational and research reference, not medical advice.

How GHK-Cu Works: Copper-Mediated Gene Modulation and Tissue Remodeling

GHK-Cu works by delivering copper into your cells and switching on repair-related genes throughout the body. The result is a compound that supports skin quality, collagen production, wound healing, and tissue maintenance through multiple pathways at once. Here's how each pathway contributes.

Copper Delivery and Enzyme Support

GHK-Cu acts as a copper shuttle, carrying this essential mineral directly into your cells. Once inside, copper powers several key enzyme systems:

Collagen crosslinking: Copper activates enzymes (like lysyl oxidase) that strengthen the structure of collagen and connective tissue — think of it like reinforcing the scaffolding that holds your skin firm.
Antioxidant defense: Copper supports your body's built-in antioxidant enzymes (like superoxide dismutase), which protect cells from oxidative damage.
Cellular energy: Copper-dependent enzymes in your mitochondria help your cells produce energy more efficiently, supporting overall tissue health.

Collagen and ECM Remodeling

GHK-Cu doesn't just stimulate your body to produce more collagen — it helps produce better-organized collagen and elastin (the protein that gives skin its bounce-back). It also supports the production of glycosaminoglycans, which are moisture-holding molecules that keep skin hydrated and plump.

Importantly, GHK-Cu helps balance the enzymes that break down old tissue (MMPs) with the enzymes that protect new tissue (TIMPs). This balance is what separates healthy tissue remodeling from messy scar formation. Think of it as quality control for your body's repair process.

Gene-Expression Effects

One of GHK-Cu's most striking features is the sheer number of genes it appears to influence. When researchers tested GHK-Cu against a large gene-expression database (the Broad Institute's Connectivity Map), it showed the ability to turn up repair and anti-inflammatory genes while turning down genes associated with tissue damage and chronic inflammation. This broad gene-level effect — touching over 4,000 genes — is a major reason GHK-Cu appears so often in anti-aging and skin-quality protocols.

Angiogenesis and Wound Context

In animal wound studies, GHK-Cu helped wounds close faster, reduced inflammation at the injury site, and improved local blood flow to the healing area. These results support the use of GHK-Cu in situations where both inflammation control and tissue-repair quality are important — such as post-surgical recovery or chronic skin conditions.

This multi-pathway approach is what sets GHK-Cu apart from tissue-repair peptides like BPC-157 (which focuses on blood vessel growth) or TB-500 (which focuses on cell movement to injury sites). GHK-Cu works across more systems simultaneously.

Tools for this Protocol

dose to units converter for reconstitution and units.
calculate injection units to lock in syringe draw volume.

GHK-Cu Dosing Protocol and Administration Schedule

Initiation (injectable)

Weeks 1-2

1 mg/day SubQ

Assess tolerance and rotate sites.

Standard (injectable)

Weeks 3-8+

1-2 mg/day SubQ

Common maintenance range for injectable workflows.

Advanced short-term

4-6 weeks max

2 mg twice daily

High-intensity protocol variant for experienced users only.

Topical face/neck

Ongoing

1-3% cream/serum, 2x daily

Most supported route for visible skin quality outcomes.

Topical scalp

3-6 months

1-3% topical, 1-2x daily

Hair-cycle timelines require sustained consistency.

Post-microneedling

Every 2-4 weeks

1-2% topical immediately post-session

Used as an adjunct in skin-focused workflows.

Injectable cycling

30-60 days on

Follow active daily dose

Common off-period is equal or near-equal duration.

Phase	Weeks	Weekly Dose	Notes
Initiation (injectable)	Weeks 1-2	1 mg/day SubQ	Assess tolerance and rotate sites.
Standard (injectable)	Weeks 3-8+	1-2 mg/day SubQ	Common maintenance range for injectable workflows.
Advanced short-term	4-6 weeks max	2 mg twice daily	High-intensity protocol variant for experienced users only.
Topical face/neck	Ongoing	1-3% cream/serum, 2x daily	Most supported route for visible skin quality outcomes.
Topical scalp	3-6 months	1-3% topical, 1-2x daily	Hair-cycle timelines require sustained consistency.
Post-microneedling	Every 2-4 weeks	1-2% topical immediately post-session	Used as an adjunct in skin-focused workflows.
Injectable cycling	30-60 days on	Follow active daily dose	Common off-period is equal or near-equal duration.

Evidence Level Notice and Dosing Notes

Evidence level: Topical evidence is stronger than injectable evidence. No large injectable RCT has established definitive human dosing standards.

Cycling rationale: Injectable cycling is commonly used to manage long-duration copper exposure and preserve protocol responsiveness.

Copper considerations: Avoid combining injectable GHK-Cu cycles with high-dose copper supplementation; contraindication context includes Wilson disease and copper-metabolism disorders.

Route strategy: Topical is often sufficient for skin/hair targets; injectable is used when systemic remodeling goals are prioritized. Combination route workflows are common.

Timing and site: No strict time-of-day requirement. Standard SubQ sites include abdomen, thigh, and upper arm with routine rotation.

GHK-Cu Reconstitution Guide

The table below shows how much liquid to draw from your syringe for each common dose of GHK-Cu, depending on your vial size and how much bacteriostatic (BAC) water you add. Find your vial size in the left column, then read across to your target dose. The "units" number corresponds to markings on a standard U-100 insulin syringe. Note: GHK-Cu vials come in larger sizes (up to 100 mg) than many peptides, so pay attention to concentration — a small volume error at high concentrations means a bigger dose error.

Vial Size: 10 mg

BAC Water: 2 mL

Concentration: 5 mg/mL

1 mg: 0.20 mL (20 units)

1.5 mg: 0.30 mL (30 units)

2 mg: 0.40 mL (40 units)

Vial Size: 50 mg

BAC Water: 3 mL

Concentration: 16.67 mg/mL

1 mg: 0.06 mL (6 units)

1.5 mg: 0.09 mL (9 units)

2 mg: 0.12 mL (12 units)

Vial Size: 50 mg

BAC Water: 5 mL

Concentration: 10 mg/mL

1 mg: 0.10 mL (10 units)

1.5 mg: 0.15 mL (15 units)

2 mg: 0.20 mL (20 units)

Vial Size: 100 mg

BAC Water: 3 mL

Concentration: 33.3 mg/mL

1 mg: 0.03 mL (3 units)

1.5 mg: 0.045 mL (~4.5 units)

2 mg: 0.06 mL (6 units)

Vial Size: 100 mg

BAC Water: 10 mL

Concentration: 10 mg/mL

1 mg: 0.10 mL (10 units)

1.5 mg: 0.15 mL (15 units)

2 mg: 0.20 mL (20 units)

Vial Size	BAC Water Added	Concentration	1 mg Dose	1.5 mg Dose	2 mg Dose
10 mg	2 mL	5 mg/mL	0.20 mL (20 units)	0.30 mL (30 units)	0.40 mL (40 units)
50 mg	3 mL	16.67 mg/mL	0.06 mL (6 units)	0.09 mL (9 units)	0.12 mL (12 units)
50 mg	5 mL	10 mg/mL	0.10 mL (10 units)	0.15 mL (15 units)	0.20 mL (20 units)
100 mg	3 mL	33.3 mg/mL	0.03 mL (3 units)	0.045 mL (~4.5 units)	0.06 mL (6 units)
100 mg	10 mL	10 mg/mL	0.10 mL (10 units)	0.15 mL (15 units)	0.20 mL (20 units)

Step-by-Step Reconstitution Instructions

Step-by-step vial preparation visual for peptide reconstitution.

Wipe vial stopper with alcohol and allow to dry.
Draw planned BAC water volume into a sterile syringe.
Inject water against vial wall, not directly onto powder.
Allow gentle flow down the glass; do not force pressure.
Roll vial 30-60 seconds until dissolved; do not shake.
Inspect solution clarity. Slight blue/green tint is expected for GHK-Cu.
Label concentration/date and refrigerate at 2-8C. Use within 30 days.

Need exact syringe units for a custom vial size or BAC water volume? Use the free Peptide Reconstitution Calculator.Open Calculator

GHK-Cu Side Effects and Safety

GHK-Cu has a generally favorable safety profile in topical literature and community injectable practice, but injectable human evidence remains limited.

Injectable effects: Most reported effects are mild, including temporary injection-site irritation, occasional headache, or short-lived lightheadedness.

Topical effects: Topical GHK-Cu is generally well tolerated; mild skin sensitivity is possible in reactive skin types.

Copper context: Chronic high-dose injectable use without cycling is generally avoided due to theoretical copper-accumulation concerns.

Contraindications: Copper metabolism disorders, significant hepatic impairment, pregnancy/breastfeeding, and active infections at application/injection sites.

Evidence boundary: No large RCT has established long-duration injectable safety outcomes.

GHK-Cu Clinical Trial and Research Results

GHK-Cu has more human evidence than most peptides in the tissue-repair category — especially for topical skin applications. The table below summarizes the key published studies. Note that most human trials used topical GHK-Cu (creams and gels), not injectable. Injectable protocol evidence is extrapolated from these topical results plus preclinical and mechanistic data.

Yuvan / McGill 2024

IRB-approved clinical • 3 months

21 women, topical gel

Ultrasound measurements showed measurable collagen-density improvement on average, with some participants responding significantly more than others.

Facial cream controlled study

Controlled clinical • 12 weeks

71 women with photoaging

Participants showed improvements in skin firmness, fine-wrinkle depth, and skin-thickness measurements compared to control.

Eye-area controlled study

Controlled clinical • 12 weeks

41 women

Visible reduction in wrinkle depth around the eyes, with measurable skin-quality improvements compared to control products.

Collagen biopsy context

Clinical biomarker • ~1 month

Topical users

Skin biopsies confirmed increased collagen production in most participants.

Ischemic wound model

Preclinical • 13 days

Rat ischemic wounds

Faster contraction and reduced inflammatory markers versus controls.

Connectivity Map profiling

In silico / in vitro • N/A

Gene-expression database

GHK-Cu influenced the expression of over 4,000 genes related to repair, inflammation, and tissue quality.

Trial	Phase	Duration	Population	Key Result
Yuvan / McGill 2024	IRB-approved clinical	3 months	21 women, topical gel	Ultrasound measurements showed measurable collagen-density improvement on average, with some participants responding significantly more than others.
Facial cream controlled study	Controlled clinical	12 weeks	71 women with photoaging	Participants showed improvements in skin firmness, fine-wrinkle depth, and skin-thickness measurements compared to control.
Eye-area controlled study	Controlled clinical	12 weeks	41 women	Visible reduction in wrinkle depth around the eyes, with measurable skin-quality improvements compared to control products.
Collagen biopsy context	Clinical biomarker	~1 month	Topical users	Skin biopsies confirmed increased collagen production in most participants.
Ischemic wound model	Preclinical	13 days	Rat ischemic wounds	Faster contraction and reduced inflammatory markers versus controls.
Connectivity Map profiling	In silico / in vitro	N/A	Gene-expression database	GHK-Cu influenced the expression of over 4,000 genes related to repair, inflammation, and tissue quality.

GHK-Cu has stronger human evidence in topical skin-rejuvenation settings than most peptides in this category. Injectable use remains extrapolated from mechanistic data, preclinical models, and practitioner/community patterns rather than large route-specific RCTs.

Storage and Handling

Lyophilized (powder)

-20C (freezer)

Long-term (years)

Lyophilized (powder)

2-8C (refrigerator)

Months

Lyophilized (powder)

15-25C (room)

Weeks (shipping tolerance)

Reconstituted

2-8C (refrigerator)

Up to 30 days

Reconstituted

Do not freeze

N/A

State	Temperature	Duration
Lyophilized (powder)	-20C (freezer)	Long-term (years)
Lyophilized (powder)	2-8C (refrigerator)	Months
Lyophilized (powder)	15-25C (room)	Weeks (shipping tolerance)
Reconstituted	2-8C (refrigerator)	Up to 30 days
Reconstituted	Do not freeze	N/A

Protect from light, avoid freeze-thaw cycling, and use bacteriostatic water for multi-dose workflows. Slight blue/green coloration after reconstitution is expected for copper complexes.

GHK-Cu vs BPC-157 vs TB-500

GHK-Cu is most often compared to BPC-157 and TB-500 because all three are used in tissue-repair protocols — but they work through different mechanisms and are best suited for different goals. The table below highlights the key differences. These compounds are frequently combined in stacking protocols like the Wolverine Stack.

Primary Mechanism

GHK-Cu: Copper delivery + gene activation for collagen and tissue quality

BPC-157: Blood vessel growth and tissue protection

TB-500: Helps repair cells move to injury sites

Half-Life

GHK-Cu: ~30-60 min plasma

BPC-157: <30 min

TB-500: <2 hours plasma

Best Fit

GHK-Cu: Skin quality, collagen remodeling, anti-aging

BPC-157: Tendon/ligament/gut structural repair

TB-500: Systemic and deep-tissue repair contexts

Oral Viability

GHK-Cu: No (topical route is key)

BPC-157: Yes

TB-500: No

Human Clinical Depth

GHK-Cu: Topical controlled trials available

BPC-157: Limited human data

TB-500: Phase I/II context available

Unique Advantage

GHK-Cu: Affects 4,000+ genes; works both injectable and topical

BPC-157: Targeted repair; can be taken orally

TB-500: Full-body reach; reduces scarring

Feature	GHK-Cu	BPC-157	TB-500
Primary Mechanism	Copper delivery + gene activation for collagen and tissue quality	Blood vessel growth and tissue protection	Helps repair cells move to injury sites
Half-Life	~30-60 min plasma	<30 min	<2 hours plasma
Best Fit	Skin quality, collagen remodeling, anti-aging	Tendon/ligament/gut structural repair	Systemic and deep-tissue repair contexts
Oral Viability	No (topical route is key)	Yes	No
Human Clinical Depth	Topical controlled trials available	Limited human data	Phase I/II context available
Unique Advantage	Affects 4,000+ genes; works both injectable and topical	Targeted repair; can be taken orally	Full-body reach; reduces scarring

These compounds are complementary and are often combined in multi-peptide protocols for repair plus tissue-quality goals.

Dose units differ materially across these compounds. Always verify concentration math and syringe conversion before administration.

GHK-Cu adds copper-cycling considerations not present in standard BPC-157 and TB-500 frameworks.

See the BPC-157 Protocol, TB-500 Protocol and Wolverine Stack for compound-specific guides.

GHK-Cu Stacking Protocols

Before combining compounds, read the full stacking safety guide on PepPal.

Stack 1

GHK-Cu + BPC-157 (Collagen Repair Stack)

GHK-Cu supports collagen quality and ECM remodeling while BPC-157 adds vascular and cytoprotective support for structural healing contexts.

See the compound-specific See BPC-157 protocol for additional context.

View protocol

Stack 2

GHK-Cu + TB-500 (Deep Tissue Repair Stack)

Pairs matrix-quality remodeling with migration and anti-fibrotic support where complex injury patterns need broader pathway coverage.

See the compound-specific See TB-500 protocol for additional context.

View protocol

Stack 3

GHK-Cu + KPV (Inflammation + Remodeling)

KPV adds NF-kB-oriented anti-inflammatory control while GHK-Cu drives remodeling and collagen quality, useful in inflammation-plus-skin workflows.

See the compound-specific See KPV protocol for additional context.

View protocol

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Frequently Asked Questions - GHK-Cu

Q1: What is the starting dose of GHK-Cu?

Common injectable starts at 1 mg daily, usually titrated to 1-2 mg/day based on tolerance and goals. Topical workflows generally use 1-3% applied once or twice daily.

Q2: What is GHK-Cu's half-life?

GHK-Cu clears from your bloodstream in about 30–60 minutes. However, its effects last much longer — 48 to 96 hours — because it triggers gene-level and enzyme changes inside your cells that continue working even after the peptide itself is gone. Think of it as flipping switches that stay on.

Q3: What results can be expected from GHK-Cu?

Commonly reported timelines are skin texture/hydration changes in 2-4 weeks and more visible skin-firmness/collagen-quality outcomes over 6-12 weeks, with hair workflows often needing multi-month consistency.

Q4: How do you reconstitute GHK-Cu?

Add bacteriostatic water against the vial wall, roll gently, and avoid shaking. A common setup is 50 mg with 5 mL (10 mg/mL), where 1 mg equals 10 units on a U-100 syringe.

Q5: Is GHK-Cu FDA-approved?

GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for injection. It is widely used in cosmetic products under the ingredient name Copper Tripeptide-1.

Q6: What are the most common side effects of GHK-Cu?

Most reports are mild and transient, such as injection-site irritation, short headache, or light nausea. Topical irritation can occur in sensitive skin.

Q7: How does GHK-Cu compare to BPC-157 and TB-500?

GHK-Cu is typically chosen for collagen quality and remodeling, BPC-157 for localized structural repair, and TB-500 for systemic migration/deep repair signaling. They are frequently combined.

Q8: What vial sizes is GHK-Cu available in?

Most common lyophilized vial sizes are 10 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg.

Q9: How much bacteriostatic water should be added to GHK-Cu?

A practical standard is 50 mg + 5 mL (10 mg/mL) for clean 1-2 mg dosing math. Higher concentrations can be used but require finer syringe precision.

Q10: Can GHK-Cu be used topically instead of injected?

Yes. Topical GHK-Cu has strong human evidence for skin and hair applications. Injectable use is chosen when broader systemic pathway exposure is desired.

Q11: How should reconstituted GHK-Cu be stored?

Store reconstituted solution refrigerated at 2-8C, protect from light, and use within about 30 days. Do not freeze the mixed solution.

Q12: Does GHK-Cu help with hair growth?

Hair-focused protocols use GHK-Cu for follicle-support signaling and scalp remodeling context. Visible outcomes generally require sustained multi-month use.

Q13: Where can I calculate reconstitution and syringe units?

Use the PepPal calculator for exact dose-to-unit conversions.

Q14: Where can I compare peptide suppliers?

Browse the PepPal supplier directory for current supplier listings.

Sources & Research

Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. "GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration." BioMed Research International, 2015 Link.
Pickart L, Margolina A. "Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data." International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018 Link.
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. "GHK and DNA: Resetting the Human Genome to Health." BioMed Research International, 2014.
Pickart L. "The Human Tripeptide GHK-Cu in Prevention of Oxidative Stress and Degenerative Conditions of Aging." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012 Link.
Yuvan Research / McGill University clinical trial summary (EurekAlert). Link.
Maquart FX, Pickart L, et al. "Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+." FEBS Letters, 1988.
Simeon A, et al. "Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+)." Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2000.
Fu C, et al. "Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction." Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2015.
Broad Institute Connectivity Map (GHK-Cu gene-expression profile). Link.
Wikipedia: Copper peptide GHK-Cu. Link.

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Disclaimer

The information on this page is for educational and research reference purposes only. GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for injectable use. It is an approved cosmetic ingredient for topical formulations. No compounds discussed on this site are intended for human consumption. This is not medical advice.

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